Tuesday, December 23, 2025

Want to use your old android phone as python flask web server?

I was exploring how I can use my old phone(with android 9) as webserver . I came across "Termux" which helped me achieve this. 

The first problem with install Termux is, it is not available on Google play store. I had to use f-droid store.

I went to f-droid site and installed the apk.

Here are the steps:

Setting up an SSH server in Termux allows you to access your Android device's command line remotely from another computer or device

Prerequisites

Ensure you have the latest version of Termux, preferably installed from F-Droid as the Play Store version is outdated.

Ensure both the Android device running Termux and the client device (your computer) are connected to the same local network (Wi-Fi or hotspot).

    Steps to Set Up the SSH Server

  1. Update packages: Open the Termux app and run the following commands to ensure all packages are up to date:
    pkg update && pkg upgrade -y
  2. Install OpenSSH: Install the OpenSSH package, which includes the sshd server daemon:
    pkg install openssh -y
  3. Set a password: You need a password for SSH login. This is the password for your Termux user (which is an Android user ID like u0_a123, not your phone's lock password):
    passwd
  4. Enter and confirm your new password when prompted.
  5. Find your username and IP address:Find your username (e.g., u0_a123):
    whoami
  6. Find your device's local IP address (look for the inet address under the wlan0 interface, typically something like 192.168.x.x):
    ip addr show
  7. Start the SSH server: Start the SSH daemon in Termux:
    sshd
    By default, the Termux SSH server listens on port 8022 (not the standard port 22, unless you have rooted your device and manually changed the configuration).
    Optional: Prevent Termux from sleeping: To ensure the server keeps running in the background, you should enable a partial wake lock in the Termux notification settings.

Connecting from Another Device

From your computer or another device on the same network, use an SSH client (like OpenSSH on Linux/macOS, or PuTTY/WSL on Windows) to connect. Replace <username> and <ip_address> with the values you found in step 4:

bash
ssh -p 8022 <username>@<ip_address>

When prompted, enter the password you set in step 3. You are now connected to your Android device's Termux environment via SSH.

To stop the server at any time, run:
pkill sshd




References:

https://wiki.termux.com/wiki/Main_Page

For gui try this:



Monday, December 22, 2025

Karnataka Survey numbers

 Do you want to know your survey number with GPS co-ordinates?

Try the Dishaank App by Karnataka GVT.

Sunday, December 21, 2025

Rope knots(Tie a Tie)

This website here lists all the knots with animation and easy for you to do it your selves.

https://www.animatedknots.com/

Tying a Tie(FREE with animation):

https://www.animatedknots.com/tie-a-windsor-necktie-knot

https://www.animatedknots.com/tie-a-pratt-necktie-knot


Easy loose shoe lace knots: https://www.facebook.com/reel/2048556859404809 

Pick something from ditch knot: https://www.facebook.com/reel/795049090035078
Do you have something like keys that fell into ditch or pit and want to pickup ? Try above.

Sack knot/Moote(Local lingo) knot: https://www.facebook.com/reel/1279547457344325

More references:

Tenson adjustment based knot: https://www.youtube.com/shorts/5_HWXsL_QOY

Another tenson adjustment knot(easy illustration): https://www.facebook.com/reel/1536391984261657

https://www.facebook.com/reel/1275662306962923

Another video from facebook reels:

https://www.facebook.com/reel/1572054310713240


Different types of Solenoid valves

 Did you know there are different types of solenoid valves? I am making a note of this in this video.

Different types of solenoid valves:

https://youtube.com/shorts/8V5dsDCvmps?si=BLx2ZgQFKkSQwOtM


If you are looking for electric controlled on or off valve there are 2 types.

1. Latching (bi-stable) Solenoid Valve

2. Electric Motorized Ball valve

Free DJ web tool

 Do you want to mix your own songs and create DJ music on the fly. Try this free link, no login required:

https://youdj.online/

Demo link:https://www.facebook.com/reel/1875118533211746

Download youtube videos on windows

 Completely free:

winget install yt-dlp

yt-dlp "youtube-link"

Demo link:
https://www.facebook.com/reel/753707901054318

Download any media files

 Do you want to download any media you found on internet.

On Android use:

https://sealapk.net/

Of Iphone:Blackhole splitter.


Ref usage video: https://www.facebook.com/reel/1096550172410651

Friday, December 19, 2025

Jio Tag

 Bought date: 05 September 2025

Amount : Rs. 999/-


4th year Ertiga car service

 Date: 05/09/2025 16:51

Service advisor estimate was Rs.11,500/-

Recommendation by service advisor

  • Battery change as it is weak
  • Windshield wipers change
  • Steering shaft change
  • AC filter(it is already changed due to RAT)
Requested not to change above items

Changed were:
  • Engine Oil
  • Spark plugs
  • Fuel filters petrol and cng
  • Brake fluid
  • Coolent
Service advisor asking price: Rs. 10,600 
I asked to remove following and reduce price:
  • Air filter(Rs. 500)
  • Hanging perfume(Rs. 60)
Total came to Rs.10,100/-

Finally agreed for 10% on labor charge and 3% on parts.

Final price: Rs.9535/-

Bought Pigeon Air Fryer

 Date: 31 July 2025
Amount: 7,204/-


Thursday, December 18, 2025

BBMP DRONE MAPS Site

 Bengaluru's BBMP has created drone snapshot of the full Bangalore from low height. It includes more details than any other maps site which is taken from a very large height. 

Try the below link:

GBA GISViewer

https://www.girani.in/ : Make your own receipe

 Want to make your own masala powders, use this web site.

https://www.girani.in/

Wednesday, December 17, 2025

ZLUDA: Breaking CUDA’s Vendor Lock-In (AMD GPU, ROCm)

 ZLUDA is an open‑source compatibility layer that enables CUDA applications—originally designed for NVIDIA GPUs—to run on non‑NVIDIA hardware such as AMD and Intel GPUs. Born in 2020 by Andrzej Janik for Intel’s oneAPI Level Zero, the project later pivoted to support AMD via ROCm and HIP.

The Journey

  • Initial momentum with Intel support was later halted; the project then found new life through AMD’s backing, enabling near-native performance of CUDA apps on Radeon GPUs. [topcpu.net]
  • After AMD withdrew support in early 2024 due to licensing concerns, ZLUDA was open‑sourced and re‑architected from scratch, leading to the release of v4 in December 2024. [topcpu.net], [phoronix.com]
  • With fresh funding and growth to a multi-person team, the project now targets broader hardware and AI workloads.

  • What It Delivers Today

    • ZLUDA v4/v5 allow unmodified CUDA binaries to run on AMD GPUs with near-native throughput, sometimes even outperforming HIP for specific benchmarks like Geekbench 5.5.1. [topcpu.net], [phoronix.com]
    • The release of ZLUDA 5 added an offline compiler (“zoc”) for translating PTX to AMD RDNA ISA, and improved correctness and debugging for AI/ML workloads including llama.cpp.

    Why It Matters

    1. Opens GPU Ecosystem. ZLUDA undermines CUDA’s vendor lock-in by enabling CUDA applications to run on diverse GPU hardware. [nabil.org], [topcpu.net]
    2. Boosts Choice & Affordability. Developers can use AMD or Intel GPUs without abandoning CUDA-based tools or rewriting code. [itsfoss.gitlab.io], [nabil.org]
    3. Accelerates Innovation. Supports academic, research, and industrial users in AI, simulation, and rendering by removing hardware constraints. [topcpu.net], [itsfoss.gitlab.io]

    Challenges Ahead

    • Still in early stages, with limited compatibility—primarily Geekbench and preliminary LLM support. [topcpu.net], [phoronix.com]
    • Developers must wait around a year for broader maturity and production readiness. [topcpu.net], [phoronix.com]
    • Legal ambiguities linger due to CUDA’s licensing restrictions, though no formal disputes yet. [topcpu.net]

    Looking Forward

    The ZLUDA roadmap includes wider ML framework support (e.g., TensorFlow, PyTorch), PhysX compatibility, improved multi-GPU execution, and deeper integration with compute standards like Vulkan and WebGPU. Success could redefine GPU computing, blurring the lines between NVIDIA, AMD, and Intel ecosystems. 

    References:[topcpu.net], [vosen.github.io]



    Sunday, December 7, 2025

    Aircraft flight trejectory

     Do you want to see any aircraft flight trejectory in 3d? Most of the online tools like flightradar give you the present location and some information..

    https://objectiveunclear.com/airloom.html

    Saturday, December 6, 2025

    YouTube Video Summarizer

    Want to summarize a youtube video? Use this AI site.

     https://notegpt.io/youtube-video-summarizer

    Story of California(CA, USA)

    Didn't know about the past of California and how it got its name. I saw this video and its interesting. So creating this blog.

    All copy rights and credits with Johny Harris.

    https://www.facebook.com/reel/1590266879053305
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hcq9_Tw2eTE

    Summary:

    It explores the historical myth of California as an island, a cartographic and cultural phenomenon that influenced global maps and perceptions for over two centuries. The story begins with the narrator’s discovery of numerous old maps from the 17th to 18th centuries depicting California as a separate island off the west coast of North America—a fact contradicting earlier, more accurate maps from the 1500s. This discrepancy leads to an investigation into the origins and persistence of the myth.

    RESUME Generator

     AI based resume generator/modifier
    https://www.kickresume.com/en/ 
    Demo: https://www.facebook.com/reel/835203872504002


    Friday, December 5, 2025

    Boredom GAMES

     Free flight simulator:
    https://geo-fs.com/


    TV shows / Videos / shows

     Retro US english TV shows:(cartoon, news,
    https://myretrotvs.com/ 

    Example: Garfield: https://00s.myretrotvs.com/#Mw56WjNUe7M

    Simsons: https://00s.myretrotvs.com/#lXQhrFQxGbY


    YOUTUBE for free: https://skipvids.com


    CSS, HTML UI element designer sites

    HTML/CSS UI elements designer sites:
     https://uiverse.io/ 
    DEMO: https://www.facebook.com/reel/1158948159706067




    AI PROMPTS

     Automatic AI image prompts generator:

    https://flowith.io
    Demo: https://www.facebook.com/reel/2022091261951975

    ANDROID latest version install

     How to install latest android(16) using DSO and Shizuku(Android Dual boot, without data loss)

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y2m_awpKKnw 



    Thursday, December 4, 2025

    TV/Entertinement SITES

    1.  https://tv.garden

    2. https://retrocrush.tv

    3. https://tiii.me/


    Drive and listen: https://drivenlisten.com/

    This websites lets you see video of many cities.


    Playphrase:

    https://www.playphrase.me/

    Search for a phrase and it will show short clips from videos saying the phrase.

    Free Hosting links

     GCloud: tutorial

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tHbboSWjOnw

    BOOKS and Magazines

     Magazine archive link:

    Google search term: The magazine rack

    Link: https://archive.org/details/magazine_rack


    Wednesday, December 3, 2025

    Using Eucalyptus Oil as a Cat Deterrent: What You Need to Know

     Cats are curious creatures, and while we love them, sometimes they wander into spaces where they shouldn’t—like your garden beds or furniture. If you’re looking for a natural way to keep cats away, eucalyptus oil often comes up as a popular option. But is it safe and effective? Let’s dive in.

    Why Eucalyptus Oil Works

    Eucalyptus oil has a strong, sharp aroma that most cats find unpleasant. Cats have an extremely sensitive sense of smell, so even a small amount of eucalyptus scent can discourage them from entering an area. This makes it a potential deterrent for gardens, patios, and certain indoor spaces.

    Safety First: Is Eucalyptus Oil Toxic to Cats?

    Here’s the critical part: eucalyptus oil is toxic to cats if ingested or absorbed through the skin. It can cause symptoms like drooling, vomiting, lethargy, and even more severe health issues. Therefore:

    • Never apply eucalyptus oil directly to a cat’s fur or skin.
    • Avoid placing it where cats might lick or ingest it.

    The goal is to create a scent barrier, not harm the animal.


    How to Use Eucalyptus Oil Safely

    If you decide to use eucalyptus oil as a deterrent, follow these steps:

    1. Dilute the Oil
      Mix a few drops of eucalyptus oil in a spray bottle with plenty of water. A safe ratio is about 2–3 drops per cup of water.

    2. Apply Strategically
      Spray the diluted solution on surfaces where cats tend to visit—such as garden borders, outdoor furniture, or entry points. Avoid spraying on plants that cats might chew.

    3. Alternative Method
      Soak cotton balls or tea bags in the diluted solution and place them in areas you want to protect. This reduces the risk of direct contact.


    Safer Alternatives

    If you’re concerned about toxicity, consider other cat-safe deterrents:

    • Citrus peels (cats dislike citrus scents)
    • Vinegar spray (strong smell, but safe)
    • Commercial cat repellents labeled as non-toxic

    Little Home chefs

    Self made home chocolates

     https://www.facebook.com/reel/1295014502380430 

    Home cooked biscuits

    https://www.facebook.com/reel/1464861028054480 

    Peanut Kaju Katli: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A5Q_SCPp08o&pp=0gcJCSUKAYcqIYzv

    Did you know that if you go to this website you can give calories and it will give you receipes no login required.
    https://eatthismuch.com   -> Eat This Much.


    Powerful website for people who are learning cloth sewing

    https://freesewing.eu/designs/albert 

    See this video for demo:

    https://www.facebook.com/reel/772927089066095 

    Reverse mortgage on your living home for cash

     Watch this video:

    https://www.facebook.com/reel/1057538986582767 

    why does g++ fail when I try to build b2 within podman cross container ppc64le machine?

     I think the following issue that am getting from g++ can be debugged and contributed to opensource community.

    (ppc-pyarrow-venv) [root@SNPS-sglkUwjXAq build]# make -j1

    [  0%] Performing configure step for 'boost_ep'

    CMake Error at /hostshare/naveenr/ppc-builddir/arrow/cpp/build/boost_ep-prefix/src/boost_ep-stamp/boost_ep-configure-RELEASE.cmake:37 (message):

      Command failed: 1


       './bootstrap.sh' '--prefix=/hostshare/naveenr/ppc-builddir/arrow/cpp/build/boost_ep-prefix/src/boost_ep' '--with-libraries=filesystem,system'


      See also


        /hostshare/naveenr/ppc-builddir/arrow/cpp/build/boost_ep-prefix/src/boost_ep-stamp/boost_ep-configure-*.log

    > g++ -x c++ -std=c++11 -O2 -s -DNDEBUG builtins.cpp class.cpp command.cpp compile.cpp constants.cpp cwd.cpp debug.cpp debugger.cpp execcmd.cpp execnt.cpp execunix.cpp filesys.cpp filent.cpp fileunix.cpp frames.cpp function.cpp glob.cpp hash.cpp hcache.cpp hdrmacro.cpp headers.cpp jam_strings.cpp jam.cpp jamgram.cpp lists.cpp make.cpp make1.cpp md5.cpp mem.cpp modules.cpp native.cpp object.cpp option.cpp output.cpp parse.cpp pathnt.cpp pathsys.cpp pathunix.cpp regexp.cpp rules.cpp scan.cpp search.cpp startup.cpp subst.cpp sysinfo.cpp timestamp.cpp variable.cpp w32_getreg.cpp modules/order.cpp modules/path.cpp modules/property-set.cpp modules/regex.cpp modules/sequence.cpp modules/set.cpp -o b2


    Failed to build B2 build engine


    -- stderr output is:

    g++: internal compiler error: Segmentation fault signal terminated program cc1plus

    Please submit a full bug report, with preprocessed source.

    See <http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla> for instructions.


    CMake Error at /hostshare/naveenr/ppc-builddir/arrow/cpp/build/boost_ep-prefix/src/boost_ep-stamp/boost_ep-configure-RELEASE.cmake:47 (message):

      Stopping after outputting logs.



    make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/boost_ep.dir/build.make:92: boost_ep-prefix/src/boost_ep-stamp/boost_ep-configure] Error 1

    make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:1144: CMakeFiles/boost_ep.dir/all] Error 2

    make: *** [Makefile:146: all] Error 2

    (ppc-pyarrow-venv) [root@SNPS-sglkUwjXAq build]# exit

    Sunday, November 30, 2025

    Saturday, November 29, 2025

    Toymaker: The paper toy maker with just a printer

    Bored of doing nothing for your kids? Try this:

    https://www.thetoymaker.com/

    Multiplayer games online

     Boys get-over? Want to play multiplayer games in the same game? Try this website: https://www.airconsole.com/ 

    Players use their phones as joypad. Connection to internet is needed.

    Friday, November 28, 2025

    Delete(del) and Backspace fixing for Linux Developers and users

    Go through this guide put in place by tldp.org, you could get your answer for whey your Delete key or Backspace keys are not working.

     https://tldp.org/HOWTO/Keyboard-and-Console-HOWTO-5.html 

    StartMyCar.com: Your Go-To Platform for Car Troubleshooting and DIY Repairs

     If you’ve ever faced a car problem and wished for a quick, reliable solution without rushing to a mechanic, StartMyCar.com might just be the resource you need. This platform is designed for car owners who want to share, learn, and solve vehicle issues collaboratively.

    Sample link: 2021 Suzuki Ertiga fuse box diagram - StartMyCar 

    What is StartMyCar.com?

    StartMyCar.com is a community-driven automotive troubleshooting website that connects car owners experiencing similar problems. The idea is simple:

    • Share your problem in detail.
    • Get help from other users who’ve faced the same issue.
    • Share your solution once you fix it, so others can benefit.

    Over time, this creates a knowledge base of real-world car problems and solutions, making it a valuable resource for DIY enthusiasts and everyday drivers alike.

    Key Features

    1. Community Q&A
      Users can post questions about car issues and receive answers from fellow car owners. It’s like a forum, but focused entirely on automotive troubleshooting. 

    2. Search by Make and Model
      Looking for specific advice? You can filter problems and solutions by your car’s make and model, from Toyota and Ford to luxury brands like BMW and Audi. 

    3. DIY Resources
      The site offers service guides, wiring diagrams, and owner’s manuals for popular models. For example, you can find every Toyota Camry owner’s manual from 1998 to 2021. 

    4. Reputation System
      Users can upvote helpful answers, making it easier to find trusted solutions.


    Pros and Cons

    Pros:
    ✔ Free access to a large database of car problems and solutions
    ✔ Great for common vehicles and DIY repairs
    ✔ Community-driven, so real experiences are shared

    Cons:
    ✖ Limited support for rare or obscure car models
    ✖ Some forum posts go unanswered for months
    ✖ Quality of advice depends on user contributions


    Is StartMyCar.com Legit?

    According to multiple review platforms, StartMyCar.com has been around for over 20 years, with a valid SSL certificate and a medium-to-high trust score. It’s considered a safe and legitimate site, though users should always verify advice before applying it to their vehicles.

    Who Should Use It?

    • DIY Car Enthusiasts looking for repair guides and troubleshooting tips
    • Budget-conscious drivers who want to avoid unnecessary mechanic visits
    • Community-minded car owners who enjoy sharing knowledge

    Final Thoughts

    StartMyCar.com isn’t perfect, but it’s a valuable resource for common car issues and DIY repairs. If you own a popular vehicle and want to save time and money, this site deserves a spot in your bookmarks.

    Wednesday, November 26, 2025

    AI Prompt hack for fierce answers without sugarcoating

     ChatGPT is configured to being very nice and agreeing with everything you say. Before you ask your question say this:

    You are my ruthless mentor, don't sugarcoat anything. If my idea is weak call it trash and tell me why. Your job is to test everything until I say its bulletproof.


    Tuesday, November 25, 2025

    AI Lip sync tool

     Do you want to lip sync a static photo? try this: https://infinitetalk.net


    Demo: https://www.facebook.com/reel/1849103352341019 

    AI tools

     

    Best free images(cartoon images, no watermark): Amazing artwork
    https://www.thiings.co/things

    AI based draw your own images: https://autodraw.com
    Reference: https://www.facebook.com/reel/891064693876102

    AI Humanizer: Want to convert ChatGPT text to human text? Use this free tool(upto 2,000 words free per day)
    https://aihumanizer.net

    Sharpen blur old photos taken using kodak reel camera? Use this AI tool to improve it:
    https://replicate.com/tencentarc/gfpgan
    Old Black and white photo to new: https://imglarger.com/
    Demo: https://youtube.com/shorts/S5VEU5DoBJM?si=531aYarehuG4_bVX


    Do you want to Blend Two Images? try : https://ltx.studio

    Create Step by Step Guides? try: https://scribehow.com,  https://scribe.com 
    Demo: https://www.facebook.com/reel/1135846628703955

    3D models from 2d image:
    https://ai.meta.com/sam3d/  Demo: https://www.facebook.com/reel/1646295803002468

    AI celebrity selfie: demo: https://www.facebook.com/reel/1128961065827162

    Create 3D Logos in Seconds? try: https://formia.so
    Demo link: https://www.facebook.com/reel/1849103352341019 

    Vectorize any picture: https://recraft.ai
    Demo: https://www.facebook.com/reel/805571498671474 

    Free PNG images with background transparent:
    https://pngimg.com

    Sketch to Rampwalk video with Google Gemini
    Demo: https://www.facebook.com/reel/1153703466949012 

    Text to CAD or 3D Models:
    https://zoo.dev/text-to-cad

    Do you want to animate a person in your picture? 
    Demo: https://www.facebook.com/reel/1121217956817456 
    Link: Wan 2.2: Wan AI Video Generator For Free

    Design arena for all ai tools: https://designarena.ai

    Design 3D locations with ai: https://intangible.ai
    https://www.facebook.com/reel/810157471604812

    Kids section

    Create animations of your own drawn characters: https://sketch.metademolab.com
    Demo: https://www.facebook.com/reel/1552462172443844 

    Kids start learning coding, visit: https://codedex.io






    Music/Song instrumental creator, instrument spliter, vocal remover


    Do you want to create Karaoke music take a look at this amazing tool.

    Do you want to split a song to different instruments including vocals?


    Try the "Splitter" option.

    Demo: https://www.facebook.com/share/r/17V6f16bA5/ 


     Site: https://x-minus.pro/ai


    Drumbeat creator FREE(NO LOGIN required)
    https://drumbit.app/

    Friday, September 5, 2025

    Ethanol mix ratio for different fuel types

     Link : https://youtube.com/shorts/S1JKrlO9tZI?si=hE8Be6z8aAJU4vj2

    Intresting test that a youtuber performed and the results as per his calculation.

    Ethanol % test for following fuels tested : By Zuby The Rider.

    01. Xp100 [ Octane 100 & Rs 160 ] = E 0% 02. Hp power100 [ Octane 100 & E 0% ] Rs 180 BP Speed [ Octane 95 & E 12% ] Rs 110 Xp95 [ Octane 95 & E 16.66% ] Rs 110 03. Shell normal [ Octane 91 & E 14.66% ] Rs 119 04. Shell v power [ Octane 91 & E 14.66% ] Rs 129 05. BP Speed [ Octane 95 & E 12% ] Rs 110 06. BP normal [ Octane 93 & E 16% ] Rs 103 07. HP normal [ Octane 93 & E 17.33% ] Rs 103 08. Hp power100 [ Octane 100 & E 0% ] Rs 180 09. Jio Bp [ Octane 91 & E 9.33% ] Rs 103 10. Nayara (Essar) [ Octane 91 & E 17.33% ] Rs 103. 11. Hp power 95==[ Octane 95 and E 17.33%] ==Rs 110 12. IOC normal =[ Octance 91 and E 17.33% ] =Rs 103 13. Mrpl =======[ Octane 91 and E 16% ] ====Rs 103

    Posted for future references.

    Sunday, August 31, 2025

    Tiny/Large Text in Your Xterm: Customizing Font name and size in XTerm

     Tiny/Large Text in Your Xterm: Customizing Fonts in XTerm

    If you're a longtime user of terminal emulators, you might have found yourself wanting a smaller font in your xterm. The default font size can feel overwhelming, especially on smaller screens or when you're working with lots of text. While some terminal emulators offer straightforward font size adjustments, xterm can be a bit more... particular.


    This post will guide you through the process of customizing your xterm font size using the xfontsel tool.

    Why Smaller Fonts in xterm?

    More Information on Screen: Smaller fonts allow you to display more lines of text or more columns without scrolling.

    Improved Readability (for some): Depending on your eyesight and screen resolution, a smaller, carefully chosen font can actually improve readability.

    Aesthetic Preference: Some people just prefer the look of a smaller font.

    The Challenge with xterm

    xterm's font configuration isn't as user-friendly as some modern terminal emulators. It uses a specific font description string that can seem cryptic. Luckily, xfontsel can help!

    Step 1: Finding a Suitable Font with xfontsel

    xfontsel is a tool that lets you browse and select X fonts. If you don’t have it, install it:

    Debian/Ubuntu: sudo apt-get install xfontsel

    Fedora/CentOS/RHEL: sudo dnf install xfontsel

    Arch Linux: sudo pacman -S xfontsel

    Run xfontsel from your terminal. A window will appear displaying a vast collection of fonts. The key is to find a fixed-width (also called monospaced) font. These are crucial because they ensure all characters take up the same horizontal space, which is essential for terminal output to align correctly.

    Experiment! Find a font you like the style of. Note the font's full name. For example, you might settle on something like "Fixed".

    Step 2: Constructing the Font Description String

    xterm uses a font description string in a specific format. Here's the breakdown:

    -fn "-*-fontname-*-*-*-*-pixelsize-*-*-*-*-*-*"

    -fn: This is the xterm option that specifies the font name.

    -*: This is a wildcard for the face. You can usually leave it as is.

    fontname: This is the exact name of the font you selected in xfontsel. This is where the part you wrote down earlier goes.

    pixelsize: This is the font size you want. Smaller numbers result in smaller fonts. 18 is used in the example provided.

    So, if you found a font named "Fixed" in xfontsel and want a font size of 18, your command would be:

    xterm -fn "-*-Fixed-*-*-*-*-18-*-*-*-*-*-*-*" &

    Important: Replace "Fixed" with the actual font name you found using xfontsel.

    Step 2.5 (Important - Finding the exact font name)


    Sometimes the font name shown by xfontsel is not the one that xterm can use. Try running the font description string fc-match -f "-*-Fixed-*-*-*-*-18-*-*-*-*-*-*-*", and replacing Fixed and 18 with your font's name and size to get the font name that xterm can accept.


    Step 3: Running xterm with the Font Option

    Simply run the command from Step 3 in your terminal. The & at the end runs xterm in the background so you can continue using your terminal.

    Making the Change Permanent (Optional)

    To have this font setting applied every time you launch xterm, you have a couple of options:

    .Xresources File: Create or edit the ~/.Xresources file and add the following line:

    XTerm*faceName: "-*-Fixed-*-*-*-*-18-*-*-*-*-*-*-*" (Replace Fixed and 18 with your specific font and size)

    Then, run xrdb ~/.Xresources to apply the changes.

    Desktop Environment Settings: Some desktop environments (like GNOME, KDE, Xfce) allow you to customize default application settings. Check your desktop environment's settings to see if you can specify a default font for xterm. This is often the most user-friendly approach.

    Alias in .bashrc or .zshrc: Add an alias in your shell's configuration file (e.g., ~/.bashrc, ~/.zshrc) to always launch xterm with the font option. For example: alias xterm='xterm -fn "-*-Fixed-*-*-*-*-18-*-*-*-*-*-*-*" &'

    Troubleshooting

    Font Not Found: Double-check that the font name in the -fn string is exactly what xfontsel shows.

    Incorrect Alignment: If the text isn't aligned correctly, you are almost certainly not using a fixed-width font. Go back to xfontsel and make sure you’re selecting a monospaced font.

    No Effect: If the font doesn’t change, make sure you've applied any changes made to .Xresources (using xrdb). Also, check your desktop environment's settings.


    Sunday, August 24, 2025

    Debian 13(trixie): Using Tasksel to Install Window Managers

    The release of Debian 13 "Trixie" brings with it an impressive selection of desktop environments and window managers, making it easier than ever to customize your Linux experience. At the heart of this flexibility lies tasksel, a powerful utility that simplifies the installation process for various desktop environments and software groups.

    What is Tasksel?

    Tasksel is Debian's task-oriented package installation tool that provides a simple, menu-driven interface for installing collections of related packages. Rather than hunting down individual packages and their dependencies, tasksel allows you to install entire software stacks with just a few keystrokes. It's particularly valuable for setting up desktop environments, servers, and specialized workstations.

    Desktop Environments Available in Debian 13

    Debian 13 ships with an extensive collection of desktop environments and window managers to suit different preferences and hardware capabilities:

    Full Desktop Environments

    • GNOME 48 - The modern, user-friendly desktop with a focus on simplicity
    • KDE Plasma 6.3 - Feature-rich desktop with extensive customization options
    • Cinnamon 6.4 - Traditional desktop layout with modern features
    • MATE 1.26 - Lightweight continuation of GNOME 2's classic interface
    • Xfce 4.20 - Fast, lightweight desktop perfect for older hardware

    Lightweight Options

    • LXQt 2.1.0 - Modern Qt-based lightweight desktop environment
    • LXDE 0.99 - Ultra-lightweight GTK-based desktop for minimal resource usage

    Using Tasksel to Install Desktop Environments

    Getting started with tasksel is straightforward. You can run it during the initial Debian installation or add desktop environments later to an existing system.

    Installing on an Existing System

    # Update your system first
    sudo apt update
    
    # Launch tasksel
    sudo tasksel

    The tasksel interface presents a list of available tasks, including various desktop environments. Use the arrow keys to navigate, spacebar to select/deselect tasks, and Tab to move between buttons.

    Command Line Usage

    For scripted installations or remote management, tasksel also supports command-line operation:

    # Install GNOME desktop
    sudo tasksel install gnome-desktop
    
    # Install multiple desktops
    sudo tasksel install kde-desktop xfce-desktop

    Benefits of Using Tasksel

    Simplified Installation: Instead of manually installing dozens of packages, tasksel handles all dependencies and related software automatically.

    Consistency: Each task represents a carefully curated collection of packages that work well together, ensuring a stable desktop experience.

    Flexibility: You can install multiple desktop environments and switch between them at login, allowing you to experiment with different interfaces.

    Time-Saving: What might take hours of package hunting and configuration is reduced to a few minutes of automated installation.

    Post-Installation Considerations

    After installing a desktop environment through tasksel, you'll typically need to:

    1. Reboot your system to start the display manager
    2. Select your preferred desktop at the login screen if you installed multiple environments
    3. Configure your display manager if needed (most common ones include GDM3 for GNOME, SDDM for KDE, and LightDM for lighter desktops)

    The Bottom Line

    Tasksel exemplifies Debian's commitment to making Linux accessible while maintaining flexibility. Whether you're setting up a lightweight system for an older computer with LXDE, creating a modern workstation with GNOME 48, or building a highly customizable environment with KDE Plasma 6.3, tasksel makes the process smooth and reliable.

    The tool's integration with Debian 13's expanded desktop environment offerings means users have more choice than ever while maintaining the stability and reliability that Debian is known for. Whether you're a Linux newcomer or a seasoned administrator, tasksel remains one of the most efficient ways to get your Debian desktop up and running exactly how you want it.

     

    Friday, August 22, 2025

    Discover Your Inner Car Driver with 'Driving Coach Man'

     n the vast landscape of YouTube, where channels vie for our attention with flashy editing and sensational content, a hidden gem often goes unnoticed. It’s a channel that doesn't rely on clickbait or dramatic stunts, but instead focuses on a simple, yet profoundly important skill: driving. That channel is "Driving Coach Man."

    The creator, an experienced and genuinely passionate driving instructor, brings a refreshing and much-needed perspective to the world of automotive tutorials. Unlike other channels that focus on car reviews or racing, "Driving Coach Man" is dedicated to the art and science of safe, confident, and skilled driving.

    From tackling parallel parking phobia to mastering complex intersections and navigating highways with ease, the channel's videos are a treasure trove of practical advice. The content is meticulously crafted, breaking down each maneuver into simple, digestible steps. The instructor's calm demeanor and clear explanations create a learning environment that is both encouraging and effective.

    What sets "Driving Coach Man" apart is its authenticity. The videos aren’t just about passing a driving test; they’re about building a foundation of good habits that will serve you for a lifetime. The channel addresses common mistakes, shares valuable tips on car maintenance, and even offers insights into the psychology of driving.

    Whether you're a complete beginner, a nervous new driver, or an experienced motorist looking to sharpen your skills, "Driving Coach Man" has something for you. It's a testament to the idea that some of the most valuable content on the internet is found in the quiet corners, where expertise and passion come together to make a real difference.

    So, next time you're looking for a new channel to subscribe to, give "Driving Coach Man" a try. You might just discover the confidence you need to take on the open road.

    Link: https://www.youtube.com/@user-drivingcoachman/ 

    Wednesday, July 30, 2025

    Unlock the Full Potential of Your Android Device: A Deep Dive into GSIs

     Ever wondered if you could experience the latest Android version on your device, even if the manufacturer hasn't released an official update? Or maybe you’re a developer wanting to test Android features without waiting for a device-specific build? Enter **GSIs (Generic System Images)** – a fascinating and increasingly accessible way to do just that.

    What are Android GSIs?

    Simply put, a GSI is a system image of Android that's designed to be compatible with a *wide range* of Android devices. Unlike traditional custom ROMs that are built specifically for a single device model, GSIs are meant to be adaptable. Google releases these images, and they form the foundation for Android development and testing.

    Think of it like this:  A manufacturer's ROM is like a custom-tailored suit – perfect for one person. A GSI is more like a well-made, adaptable garment that can be adjusted to fit many different body types.

    Why GSIs are Becoming More Popular

    Historically, GSIs were primarily for developers and testers. However, advancements in the Android ecosystem, particularly Project Treble and Project Mainline, have made them more viable and user-friendly for enthusiasts.

    Project Treble: This architectural change decoupled the vendor-specific code from the Android framework, making it easier to update the system image independently.  This is crucial for GSI compatibility.

    Project Mainline: This allows for modular updates to core Android components, delivered directly from Google Play Services, further reducing the dependence on device-specific updates.

    The Benefits of Using a GSI

    * Latest Android Version: Experience Android features and improvements *before* your manufacturer rolls them out (or if they never do).  Currently, you can often find GSIs for Android 13, 14, and even beta/preview versions.

    * Clean Slate:  GSIs typically offer a cleaner, less cluttered Android experience compared to heavily customized manufacturer ROMs. You often get a more stock Android feel.

    * Developer Testing: Ideal for developers to test their apps against different Android versions and configurations without needing multiple physical devices.

    * Potential Performance Boost: In some cases, a GSI can result in improved performance compared to a bloated manufacturer ROM (though this isn't guaranteed).

    * Learning Opportunity:  The process of installing a GSI can be a fantastic learning experience for those interested in Android internals.


    The Challenges & Considerations

    * Compatibility is Key (and Tricky): Not all devices are compatible with all GSIs.  While Treble has helped, vendor-specific hardware and drivers still pose challenges.
    * Vendor Blobs: GSIs require "vendor blobs" – proprietary drivers and libraries from your device's manufacturer. These are necessary for hardware functionality like camera, Wi-Fi, and cellular connectivity.  Finding the correct vendor blobs for your device is often the biggest hurdle.
    * Potential for Instability:  While GSIs are generally stable, they’re not as thoroughly tested for consumer devices as manufacturer ROMs. You *might* encounter bugs or issues.
    * Warranty Voiding:  As with any custom ROM or modification, installing a GSI will likely void your device's warranty.
    * Data Loss: The installation process typically requires unlocking your bootloader, which *will* erase all data on your device.  Back up everything!
    * Brick Risk: Incorrect installation can potentially "brick" your device (render it unusable).  Proceed with caution and follow instructions meticulously.

    How to Get Started (Brief Overview - NOT a full tutorial!)


    1. Check Compatibility:  Use online resources (see "Resources" below) to determine if your device is compatible with available GSIs.
    2. Unlock Bootloader: This is the first and most crucial step.  The process varies depending on your device manufacturer and is often the most complex.
    3. Find Vendor Blobs: Locate the correct vendor blobs for your device model.  This often involves searching online forums and communities.
    4. Flash the GSI: Use a custom recovery (like TWRP) to flash the GSI image.
    5. Reboot & Enjoy (Hopefully!)

    Resources

    * Android Open Source Project (AOSP) GSIs: [https://www.android.com/gsis/](https://www.android.com/gsis/) – The official source for GSIs.
    * Maintainer Websites/Forums:  Several communities maintain lists of compatible devices and vendor blobs.  Search for "[Your Device Model] GSI" on sites like XDA Developers.
    * XDA Developers Forums: [https://forum.xda-developers.com/](https://forum.xda-developers.com/) –  The go-to resource for all things Android customization.
    * Device-Specific Communities: Look for dedicated forums or groups for your specific device model.


    Saturday, July 19, 2025

    The Elusive Debian Python 3.11 404 Not Found – And How to Fix It! 🐍🛠️

     Hey there, fellow Debian users! Ever run into a cryptic 404 Not Found error when trying to install a seemingly standard package, especially something like python3.11-venv? If you're on Debian Bookworm (Debian 12) and found yourself scratching your head trying to install python3.11-venv, python3.11-dev, or similar Python 3.11 related packages, you're not alone. I recently encountered this exact problem, and after some digging, found the fix. Let's break down what happened and how to solve it!

    The Problem: A Package Version Mismatch in the Repository 🕵️‍♀️

    My journey began when I tried to install python3.11-venv on my Debian Bookworm system. This is a common requirement for setting up isolated Python environments, so it should be straightforward. However, apt threw a very clear, yet perplexing, error:

    Err:1 https://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm/main amd64 python3.11-venv amd64 3.11.2-6+deb12u5 404 Not Found [IP: 2a04:4e42:fe7::644 443] E: Failed to fetch https://deb.debian.org/debian/pool/main/p/python3.11/python3.11-venv_3.11.2-6%2bdeb12u5_amd64.deb 404 Not Found E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing?

    The error message was spot on: apt was trying to download python3.11-venv version 3.11.2-6+deb12u5, but the file simply wasn't there on the server. A quick check revealed that the Debian repository had updated python3.11 and its related packages to 3.11.2-6+deb12u6.

    So, why was my apt still looking for the older, non-existent version? Even running sudo apt update and sudo apt full-upgrade didn't solve it. The apt policy python3.11 command further confirmed the confusion:

    python3.11:
      Installed: 3.11.2-6+deb12u5
      Candidate: 3.11.2-6+deb12u5
      Version table:
     *** 3.11.2-6+deb12u5 500
            500 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm/main amd64 Packages
            100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
          3.11.2-6+deb12u3 500
            500 http://deb.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 Packages
    

    Despite apt update appearing to run successfully, apt still believed 3.11.2-6+deb12u5 was the latest candidate version from the main Bookworm repository. This indicated a stale or corrupted local cache of package lists.

    The Solution: A Deep Clean and Fresh Start for apt's Cache ✨

    The core issue wasn't with my sources.list (which was perfectly fine), but with apt's internal representation of what was available in the repository. The standard apt clean wasn't enough to clear whatever was holding onto the old 3.11.2-6+deb12u5 information.

    The fix involves a more aggressive approach to reset apt's package list cache:

    1. Delete apt's cached package lists: This command removes all downloaded package list files from /var/lib/apt/lists/. This effectively forces apt to rebuild its knowledge of available packages from scratch.

      sudo rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

      Why rm -rf? While apt clean removes downloaded .deb packages, it doesn't always fully clear the list files that contain information about what packages and versions are available. In rare cases like this, these list files can become inconsistent. Deleting them forces a complete refresh.

    2. Update apt's package lists: Now that the old lists are gone, run apt update to download fresh, accurate package lists from your configured repositories.

      sudo apt update

      This time, apt will re-fetch everything, including the correct, latest version of python3.11 (which is 3.11.2-6+deb12u6 for Bookworm). You should see output indicating it's downloading from deb.debian.org/debian bookworm/main.

    Verification and Installation 🎉

    After running these two commands, perform a quick check:

    apt policy python3.11

    You should now see 3.11.2-6+deb12u6 (or newer) as the Candidate version from the bookworm/main repository!

    python3.11:
      Installed: 3.11.2-6+deb12u5 # Or whatever was installed
      Candidate: 3.11.2-6+deb12u6 # 🎉 This is what we want!
      Version table:
         3.11.2-6+deb12u6 500
            500 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm/main amd64 Packages
         *** 3.11.2-6+deb12u5 100
                100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
         ...
    

    Finally, you can proceed to install your desired Python 3.11 packages:

    sudo apt install python3.11 python3.11-venv python3.11-dev

    This command will now successfully download and install python3.11-venv (and upgrade python3.11 and install python3.11-dev if needed) with the correct, available version from the repository.


    Key Takeaway 💡

    While sudo apt update and sudo apt upgrade usually solve most package issues, sometimes a deeper dive into apt's cache is necessary. If you're encountering 404 Not Found errors for packages that you know should be in your repository (especially after a point release update), remember the power of clearing apt's lists directory entirely to force a full refresh.

    Hope this helps anyone else facing this quirky Debian Python package issue! Happy coding!


    Sunday, June 29, 2025

    Unable to install python3.11-venv on debian bookworm


    I was getting some errors when I tried installing python3.11-venv on debian bookworm.
    ____________________________________________

    Err:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm/main amd64 python3.11-venv amd64 3.11.2-6+deb12u5

    404 Not Found [IP: 2a04:4e42:25::644 80]

    E: Failed to fetch http://deb.debian.org/debian/pool/main/p/python3.11/python3.11-venv_3.11.2-6%2bdeb12u5_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 2a04:4e42:25::644 80]



    E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing?

    ___________________________

    How did I resolve the issue?

    Edit your sources.list following this example on Debian wiki by adding this line:deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main


    Then run:sudo apt update && sudo apt dist-upgrade sudo apt install -y python3.11-venv

    _________________

    Resolving Gnome Calculator Issues on Debian 12 Bookworm

     If you're experiencing problems with the Gnome Calculator on Debian 12 Bookworm, you're not alone. Many users have encountered unexpected behavior or complete non-functionality with this essential utility. Fortunately, there's a simple fix that can resolve most issues.


    The Quick Solution:

    The magic command that can bring your Gnome Calculator back to life is:


    $ dconf write /org/gnome/calculator/refresh-interval 0


    References:
    https://forums.debian.net/viewtopic.php?t=158572 


    Saturday, May 3, 2025

    Fixing Time Differences in Debian 12 with Dual Boot

    If you're running Debian 12 and have it set up in a dual boot configuration with another operating system, you may have noticed that the system time is not consistent between the two. This can be a frustrating issue, but there's a simple command that can help resolve it.

    Issue description

    The problem often arises because different operating systems handle the system clock differently. Windows, for example, typically stores the time in the hardware clock as local time, while Linux distributions like Debian store it as UTC (Coordinated Universal Time). When you switch between the two, the system time can become out of sync.

    The Fix

    Fortunately, there's a command you can run in Debian 12 to fix this issue. Open a terminal and enter the following:

    timedatectl set-local-rtc 1 --adjust-system-clock


    This command tells Debian to treat the hardware clock as local time, and it will automatically adjust the system clock accordingly.

    Here's a breakdown of what the command does:timedatectl is the command-line tool for managing the system clock and time zone.

    • set-local-rtc 1 tells Debian to treat the hardware clock as local time, rather than UTC.
    • --adjust-system-clock instructs Debian to update the system clock to match the hardware clock.

    After running this command, your Debian 12 system should now be in sync with the time displayed in your other operating system when dual booting.

    It's worth noting that this solution may not work in all cases, as the time discrepancy can sometimes be caused by other factors. If you're still experiencing issues, you may need to explore additional troubleshooting steps, such as checking your BIOS settings or adjusting the time zone configuration.

    In any case, the timedatectl set-local-rtc 1 --adjust-system-clock command is a great starting point for resolving time differences when running Debian 12 in a dual boot setup.

    Comment below if this fix worked for you!!

    Resolving Display and WiFi Issues on Debian 12(DELL 5550, Display driver and Intel wireless firmware)


    Recently I installed Debian 12 bookworm for a change, I encountered a couple of frustrating issues with my system's display driver and Intel wireless WiFi adapter. My DELL laptop had the latest Intel Arc Graphics, but the live Debian version installed kernel version 6.1, which did not have the drivers.

    naveenr@latitude5550:~$ lspci -k | grep -EA3 'VGA'
    00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Meteor Lake-P [Intel Arc Graphics] (rev 08)
    Subsystem: Dell Meteor Lake-P [Intel Arc Graphics]
    Kernel driver in use: i915
    Kernel modules: i915, xe

    Symptoms:

    • Very few display resolutions supported
    • Display brightness not working
    • Laptop special keys not working(like brightness increase and decrease )
    • Bluetooth not working
    • WiFi not working.
    Fortunately, I was able to find a solution that got everything working properly.

    Display Driver Problems

    The recommended solution was to upgrade the Linux kernel and firmware packages to the versions available in the Debian "bookworm-backports" repository. To do this, I ran the following commands:

    sudo apt -t bookworm-backports install linux-image-amd64

    This updated my kernel to the latest version and all display issues got resolved(after debian reboot).

    Resolving the WiFi Issue

    In addition to the display problems, I was also having trouble connecting to my wireless network. My Intel WiFi adapter was not being recognized properly, and I couldn't get an internet connection. Again, I turned to the Debian forums and found that this was a common issue with Debian 12 and Intel wireless adapters. The solution was to install the firmware-iwlwifi package from the "bookworm-backports" repository, which I did using the command above.

    sudo apt install firmware-iwlwifi/bookworm-backports



    After running these commands, my display issues were resolved, and my wireless adapter started working correctly(after debian reboot). I was able to get back to using my Debian 12 system without any further problems.

    Comment if you found this blog helpful.

    Wednesday, April 30, 2025

    How to Disable Auto Word Select in Office 365 Outlook

     

    Introduction

    Auto word select is a feature in Office 365 Outlook that automatically selects entire words when you click on them. While this can be helpful for some users, it can be quite annoying for others who prefer more precise control over text selection. Fortunately, disabling this feature is straightforward. In this blog post, we'll walk you through the steps to turn off auto word select in Office 365 Outlook.

    Steps to Disable Auto Word Select

    1. Open Outlook: Start by opening your Office 365 Outlook application.

    2. Access Options:

      • Click on the File tab located at the top left corner of the window.
      • Select Options from the menu. This will open the Outlook Options dialog box.
    3. Navigate to Mail Settings:

      • In the Outlook Options dialog box, click on Mail in the left-hand sidebar.
    4. Editor Options:

      • Under the Mail settings, find and click on Editor Options. This will open another dialog box with various settings related to composing and editing emails.
    5. Advanced Settings:

      • In the Editor Options dialog box, click on the Advanced tab.
    6. Disable Auto Word Select:

      • Scroll down to the Editing options section.
      • Look for the option labeled When selecting, automatically select entire word.
      • Uncheck this box to disable the auto word select feature.
    7. Save Changes:

      • Click OK to save your changes and close the Editor Options dialog box.
      • Click OK again to close the Outlook Options dialog box.

    Sunday, April 13, 2025

    Downloading All Your Google Account Data in One Shot

    Introduction

    In today's digital age, it's essential to have control over your online presence and personal data. If you're concerned about your Google account security or want to transfer your data to another platform, downloading all your data at once is a great way to go. In this blog, we'll walk you through the process of downloading all your Google account data in one shot.

    Preparation

    Before you start, make sure you have:

    1. A reliable internet connection

    2. A Google account with access to all the data you want to download (e.g., Gmail, Google Drive, Google Photos)

    3. The necessary permissions to download and transfer data

    Step 1: Enable the Download Option

    To download your Google account data, follow these steps:

    1. Go to the Google Account settings page (https://myaccount.google.com)

    2. Click on "Data & personalization"

    3. Scroll down to the "Download your data" section

    4. Click on the "Next" button

    Step 2: Choose Your Data Sources

    You'll be asked to select which data sources you want to download:

    1. Gmail emails and attachments

    2. Google Drive files

    3. Google Photos (optional)

    4. Google Account information (e.g., contacts, calendar)

    Choose all the options that apply to you.

    Step 3: Download Your Data

    Click on the "Create archive" button to start the download process:

    1. The Google account system will create a compressed archive file containing your data

    2. This may take several minutes or hours, depending on the amount of data being downloaded

    Where to Find Your Downloaded Archive

    After the download is complete, you'll receive an email with instructions on where to find your archived data:

    1. Check your email for a message from Google with the subject "Your data has been uploaded"

    2. Click on the link provided to access your downloaded archive

    What's in the Archive?

    The archived file will include:

    * Gmail emails and attachments

    * Google Drive files

    * Google Photos (if you chose this option)

    * Google Account information (e.g., contacts, calendar)

    You can extract individual files or restore your entire archive to a new Google account.

    Tips and Considerations

    Before downloading all your data, consider the following:

    1. Data size: Large archives may take time to download and store.

    2. Storage space: You'll need sufficient storage space on your device or cloud storage services to accommodate the archived file.

    3. Security: Be cautious when transferring sensitive information; ensure you're using a secure connection (HTTPS) and a trusted device.

    4. Backup: Consider creating regular backups of your data to prevent loss in case something goes wrong.

    References


    Monday, March 17, 2025

    How to Use the patch Command in Linux

     The patch command in Linux is a powerful tool used to apply changes to files based on differences (diffs) between file versions. It's commonly used in software development to update source code files. In this blog post, we'll explore how to use the patch command with practical examples.

    Understanding the patch Command

    The patch command takes a patch file (which contains differences between files) and applies those changes to the original file. The patch file is usually created using the diff command.

    Basic Syntax

    patch [options] [originalfile] [patchfile]
    
    • originalfile: The file to be patched.
    • patchfile: The file containing the differences.

    Creating a Patch File

    Before we can use the patch command, we need a patch file. Let's create one using the diff command.

    Example: Creating a Patch File

    Suppose we have two files, file1.txt and file2.txt, and we want to create a patch file that contains the differences between them.

    diff -u file1.txt file2.txt > changes.patch
    

    This command generates a unified diff and saves it to changes.patch.

    Applying a Patch

    Now that we have our patch file, let's apply it using the patch command.

    Example: Applying a Patch

    patch file1.txt < changes.patch
    

    This command applies the changes from changes.patch to file1.txt.

    Common Options

    The patch command has several options that can be useful:

    • -pNUM: Strip NUM leading components from file names.
    • -R: Reverse the patch (undo changes).
    • --dry-run: Test the patch without applying changes.

    Example: Using Options

    patch -p1 file1.txt < changes.patch
    

    This command strips one leading component from file names before applying the patch.

    Handling Rejected Patches

    Sometimes, patches may not apply cleanly, resulting in rejected patches. These are saved in .rej files.

    Example: Handling Rejected Patches

    patch file1.txt < changes.patch
    

    If there are rejected patches, they will be saved in file1.txt.rej. You can manually review and apply these changes.